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A4 PAPER:
HOW I LEARNED TO STOP LOVING RONALD REAGAN

World ISO standard is blue and on the left,
the American standard is green and on the right.
October, 2008 - I've been working on a pamphlet for a non-profit group for the past couple of weeks, and when I finally figured out the layout and design, I ran into a problem that's befuddled me from my earliest days as a schoolboy. 

I always wondered why legal sized paper existed.  Magnifying and shrinking pages of library books never seemed to quite fit, with either text being cut off or unsightly margins would appear.

When I arrived in Ireland, I anticipated all the friendly anti-American backlash that would come with the territory.  I never anticipated being yelled at for using American style paper.  Sure, everyone's heard of A4 paper, and occasionally restocking a copier will flash some message as cryptic as PC LOAD LETTER - LOAD A4.  What exactly is A4 paper, and why is America stuck with yet another antiquated and asinine standard?

As most Americans know, letter sized paper is 8 1/2" x 11".  A4, the equivalent of the letter sized page used by the rest of the world (minus Canada, the Philippines and Chile), is 8.3" x 11.7".  Now, as unsightly as those numbers may appear, A4 paper is actually lined with genius.  As seen in the pictures above, paper comes in a variety of sizes - the world standard (in blue) follows an orderly progression of sizes where each larger size is proportionally double the size. 

The American standard alternates between two different proportions, explaining the odd legal sized proportions that befuddled me as a schoolboy.  Because all of the page sizes the standard the rest of the world uses contain the same proportions, it makes reducing and enlarging documents easy and without any chance of cropping or extra margins.  Also, if you notice in the pictures above, there is no place for the legal size in the way paper is produced, whereas the world standard is completely self contained.

How did this come about?  Good old American ingenuity.
 

 
As a child, my parents always told me they were Democrats, but they voted for Reagan, and taught me the lesson to look past politics and vote for the best man.  It was a lesson I always thought of as admirable, and left me thinking I was quite a maverick for eschewing political parties and always registering to vote as an independent.  As the 80's roared on, the Cold War ended suddenly, the economy seemed like it would never burst, and the future looked so bright you  may really need to wear shades. 

Of course, Ronald Reagan was President, and when he wasn't trying to make ketchup a vegetable, or spent every waking dollar on the military industrial complex, he also made one seemingly innocuous decision - America had a paper problem.  With the dawn of the computer age and proliferation of photocopiers, the government standard to that date was set by Herbert Hoover in the 1920's.  The standard had been 8" x 10.5", which is still used in notebooks today.  Since copiers weren't made to handle that size paper, the decision arrived at Reagan's desk.  With the metric system officially killed off in 1982 after a seven year trial to convert the American masses, Reagan could have followed the world standard, but instead chose a seemingly arbitrary standard that wasn't even made into a full standard until 1995.  The letter size Americans know and love today is explained by the American Forest and Paper Association that it originated with handmade papermaking techniques, with 11 inches being the length one man could extend his arms to flatten the pulp, although this doesn't explain the ratios of the paper.

Now, this all may sound like nitpicking and bringing up an absurd issue, but upon closer inspection, the genius of the world standard becomes even clearer.  It's based off the silver ratio, which is similar to the golden ratio (Fibonacci numbers, which are often found recurring in art, architecture and plays a significant role in aesethics).  The weight of A4 paper also comes out to 5 grams, which also is handy in judging exact postage based upon the number of sheets being mailed.  Envelopes and folders can be standardized as well, as simply folding a piece of paper in half will make the next size down. 

As I discovered the reasons behind 8 1/2" x 11" paper, the project I was working on ground to a halt, and I was left wondering how much easier things would be if America actually adopted a standard based on rational thought instead of haphazard and outdated preferences that were arbitrary to begin with, especially when the rest of the world is in lockstep with each other.  Quickly, I even realized that there probably was no chance of this system being put into place in America before I die, which bummed me out even more.

And so I have a new reason to hate Ronald Reagan.  Forget about every foreign policy he created that blew back in our face, the staggering debt he left us with, the crippled Social Security program, Star Wars, and the like, the real reason Ronald Reagan should be vilified is his decision to buck the system and make ours 8.5x11.

Truly, it's morning in America.

for more on A4 and paper sizes, check this out, and if that's not enough, here's even more paper knowledge and even more paper fun here.

 

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